The main ingredient in a detergent product is a surfactant, a material containing in a single molecule, a hydrophobic (water-repelling) group on one end and a hydrophilic (water-attracting) group on the other end.
Surfactants are compounds that affect (usually reduce) surface tension when dissolved in water or water solutions. The HYDROPHOBIC group is a hydrocarbon containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms in a straight or slightly branched chain. The HYDROPHOLIC functional group may vary widely as a) an ANIONIC, b) CATIONIC and c) NON-IONIC. In general, the hydrophilic nature of those functional groups decreases from ionic to non-ionic groups. Soaps and detergents are ANIONIC while fabric conditioners are CATIONIC.
While soaps and detergents can be produced as bar, liquid or powder, the trend is in the use of liquid products due to economy in production and ease of application. A variety of organic molecules as a base material for detergents, either from mineral oil, crude oil resources or from natural products are used in practice.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
1. Weighing scale (top-loading, ordinary or digital), 10-kg capacity, 50 grams graduation
2. Plastic pail, 20-L capacity (2 pcs); 4-L capacity (3 pcs)
3. Electric hand mixer (portable), 1 unit
4. pH paper, 0-14 (Merck), 1 pack
5. Plastic bottle with cover, 250-mL capacity; 500-mL capacity 1-L capacity 1-gal capacity
6. Plastic water dispenser, 20-L capacity
PROCESSING PROCEDURES
Liquid Dishwashing Detergent
Raw Materials:
851 g Deionized water (51+800)
11.7 g Caustic soda (flakes)
93.7 g LABSA*
27 g CDEA*
4 drops Colorant (McCormick)
1 g Essence (green apple)
15.6 g Sodium chloride (technical grade)
*LABSA – Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid
**CDEA – Coco Diethanolamide
Procedure
1. Dissolve the caustic soda flakes in water (1).
2. Slowly add to the LABSA with slow agitation for 10-15 minutes.
3. Incorporate CDEA and water (2) and continue mixing until homogenous.
4. Check pH and adjust with 10% caustic soda solution if necessary to get pH = 9 to 10.
5. Add the ingredients with slow mixing.
6. Set aside to allow clearing of solution (bubbles to subside).
7. Pack into clear PET bottles or containers.
Liquid Laundry Detergent
Raw Materials:
774.7 g Deionized water (74.7+700)
15.4 g Caustic soda flakes
122.8 g LABSA*
48.9 g CFAS powder/needle
5 g Na4 EDTA* (Trilon B)
10 g Aquasol
10 g Essence (Ariel-like)
13.2 g Sodium chloride (technical grade)
* EDTA – Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid
Procedure
1. Dissolve the caustic soda flakes in water (1).
2. Slowly add to the LABSA with slow agitation for 10-15 minutes.
3. Dissolve CFAS and EDTA in water (2) in separate containers.
4. Incorporate CFAS and EDTA solutions with mixing after each addition then add “Aquasol” until clear.
5. Add essence until uniform.
6. Thickener may be added as desired.
7. Set aside to allow clearing of solution (bubbles to subside).
8. Pack into bottles or containers.
Fabric Conditioner
Raw Materials:
863.2 g Deionized water (800+63.2)
100.0 g Fabric softener beads
5 g Na4 EDTA (Trilon B)
2 drops Colorant (H2O-Soluble); McCormick
12 g Essence (Downy-like)
19.8 g Sodium chloride (technical grade)
Procedure
1. Fabric softener beads (or flakes) is slowly dissolved in water (1). (If you use flakes, dissolve in hot water at 80°C.)
2. Dissolve EDTA in water (2) and add to the dissolved Fabric Softener solution.
3. Add the remaining ingredients and mix until uniform.
4. Set aside and allow clearing of solution.
5. Pack into PET (plastic) bottles or containers.
Source: DOST, photo courtesy of www.openrussia.ru
Surfactants are compounds that affect (usually reduce) surface tension when dissolved in water or water solutions. The HYDROPHOBIC group is a hydrocarbon containing 12 to 20 carbon atoms in a straight or slightly branched chain. The HYDROPHOLIC functional group may vary widely as a) an ANIONIC, b) CATIONIC and c) NON-IONIC. In general, the hydrophilic nature of those functional groups decreases from ionic to non-ionic groups. Soaps and detergents are ANIONIC while fabric conditioners are CATIONIC.
While soaps and detergents can be produced as bar, liquid or powder, the trend is in the use of liquid products due to economy in production and ease of application. A variety of organic molecules as a base material for detergents, either from mineral oil, crude oil resources or from natural products are used in practice.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
1. Weighing scale (top-loading, ordinary or digital), 10-kg capacity, 50 grams graduation
2. Plastic pail, 20-L capacity (2 pcs); 4-L capacity (3 pcs)
3. Electric hand mixer (portable), 1 unit
4. pH paper, 0-14 (Merck), 1 pack
5. Plastic bottle with cover, 250-mL capacity; 500-mL capacity 1-L capacity 1-gal capacity
6. Plastic water dispenser, 20-L capacity
PROCESSING PROCEDURES
Liquid Dishwashing Detergent
Raw Materials:
851 g Deionized water (51+800)
11.7 g Caustic soda (flakes)
93.7 g LABSA*
27 g CDEA*
4 drops Colorant (McCormick)
1 g Essence (green apple)
15.6 g Sodium chloride (technical grade)
*LABSA – Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid
**CDEA – Coco Diethanolamide
Procedure
1. Dissolve the caustic soda flakes in water (1).
2. Slowly add to the LABSA with slow agitation for 10-15 minutes.
3. Incorporate CDEA and water (2) and continue mixing until homogenous.
4. Check pH and adjust with 10% caustic soda solution if necessary to get pH = 9 to 10.
5. Add the ingredients with slow mixing.
6. Set aside to allow clearing of solution (bubbles to subside).
7. Pack into clear PET bottles or containers.
Liquid Laundry Detergent
Raw Materials:
774.7 g Deionized water (74.7+700)
15.4 g Caustic soda flakes
122.8 g LABSA*
48.9 g CFAS powder/needle
5 g Na4 EDTA* (Trilon B)
10 g Aquasol
10 g Essence (Ariel-like)
13.2 g Sodium chloride (technical grade)
* EDTA – Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid
Procedure
1. Dissolve the caustic soda flakes in water (1).
2. Slowly add to the LABSA with slow agitation for 10-15 minutes.
3. Dissolve CFAS and EDTA in water (2) in separate containers.
4. Incorporate CFAS and EDTA solutions with mixing after each addition then add “Aquasol” until clear.
5. Add essence until uniform.
6. Thickener may be added as desired.
7. Set aside to allow clearing of solution (bubbles to subside).
8. Pack into bottles or containers.
Fabric Conditioner
Raw Materials:
863.2 g Deionized water (800+63.2)
100.0 g Fabric softener beads
5 g Na4 EDTA (Trilon B)
2 drops Colorant (H2O-Soluble); McCormick
12 g Essence (Downy-like)
19.8 g Sodium chloride (technical grade)
Procedure
1. Fabric softener beads (or flakes) is slowly dissolved in water (1). (If you use flakes, dissolve in hot water at 80°C.)
2. Dissolve EDTA in water (2) and add to the dissolved Fabric Softener solution.
3. Add the remaining ingredients and mix until uniform.
4. Set aside and allow clearing of solution.
5. Pack into PET (plastic) bottles or containers.
Source: DOST, photo courtesy of www.openrussia.ru